Canine Reproduction
(Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)

Part 1: Reproduction and the Bitch
Part 2: Reproductive Complications Affecting Fertility and Pregnancy in the Bitch
Part 3: Medical Management of Complications Affecting Delivery (Whelping)
Part 4: Reproduction and the Male Dog
Part 5. Disorders Affecting Fertility in the Male Dog

Table of Contents

Part 1: Reproduction and the Bitch

•     The Normal Reproductive Cycle of the Bitch

•     Ovulation Testing

  • ELISA kits for determining ovulation

•     Artificial Insemination

•     Pregnancy Diagnosis

  • palpation

  • ultrasound

  • radiography

  • endocrinologic and biochemical testing

    • pregnancy hormones (relaxin)

    • plasma proteins

• Health Management for the Pregnant Bitch

• Normal Delivery

• False Pregnancy

• Regimens for the Management of Mismating

  • Progesterone-suppressing drugs

  • Prostaglandins

  • Dopamine agonist agents

  • New and controversial approaches

  • Treatments no longer advocated

    • Estrogen

Part 2: Reproductive Complications Affecting Fertility and Pregnancy in the Bitch

• Disorders of the Reproductive Cycle

  • persistent estrus

  • persistent proestrus

  • split estrus

  • recurrent estrus

  • primary and secondary anestrus

    • Abnormal Sexual Development

    • Thyroid Insufficiency

    • Lymphocytic oophoritis

    • Luteal ovarian cyst

    • Pituitary insufficiency

    • Ovarian aplasia/hypoplasia

• Other Causes for Infertility

  • Vaginal/vestibular barriers to breeding

  • Abnormalities of the female tubular tract

  • Incorrect timing of ovulation

  • Mate preference

• Conditions Causing Spontaneous Abortion

  • Infectious Causes

    • Brucellosis

    • Canine Herpesvirus Infection

    • Toxoplasmosis

    • Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections

    • Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections

    • Miscellaneous Viruses

  • Noninfectious Causes

    • Progesterone Insufficiency (Insufficient luteal phase)

• Miscellaneous causes

• Table 1. Diagnostic Approach to Bitches Who fail to Conceive or Carry a Litter to Term

Part 3: Medical Management of Complications Affecting Delivery (Whelping)

• Warning Signs of Whelping Complications

• Assessment of the Dam

  • Evaluation of the "Overdue" Bitch

  • Management of Emergency Conditions

    • Fetal Monitoring

  • Diagnostic Approaches

    • Bloodwork

    • Radiographs

• Management of Fetal Obstruction (Dystocia)

  • Use of Obstetrical Manipulation

  • Use of Oxytocin

  • Use of Calcium

  • Use of Intravenous Fluids

  • Other Supportive Measures

• Indications for Cesarian Section

• Management of Bitches with Retained Dead Fetuses and Fetal Membranes

Part 4. Reproduction and the Male Dog

• Normal Reproductive Development of the Dog (Male)

• Evaluation of a Male's Soundness for Breeding

• Sperm Production in the Normal Male

• Collection of Semen for Artificial Insemination

• Handling and Evaluation of Semen

Part 5. Disorders Affecting Fertility in the Male Dog

• Genetic Disorders

  • Cryptorchidism

  • Disorders of Sexual Development

    • Abnormalities of Chromosomal Sex

    • Abnormalities of Gonadal Sex (XX Sex Reversal)

    • Male Pseudohermaphroditism

      • Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome

      • Defects in Androgen-Dependent Masculinization (Testicular Feminization Syndromes)

    • Hypospadias

• Acquired Disorders

  • Sperm Abnormalities Affecting Fertility

    • Table 1. Classification of Abnormal Dog Sperm

    • Table 2. Sperm Morphological Abnormalities Resulting in Decreased Fertility

  • Testicular Diseases

    • Testicular Infections

    • Testicular Torsion

    • Inguinoscrotal Hernia

    • Sperm Granuloma

    • Testicular Tumors

    • Testicular Hypoplasia

    • Testicular Degeneration

  • Prostatic Diseases

    • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

    • Prostatitis

    • Cancer of the Prostate

  • Urethral Prolapse

  • Infectious Diseases

    • Brucellosis

    • Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

References

Copyright Ó 2000, 2001. Pamela A. Davol. All rights reserved. Copyright & disclaimer.

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Pamela A. Davol, 76 Mildred Avenue, Swansea, MA  02777-1620.
pdavol@labbies.com